Propaganda is the science of convincing an audience without appealing to reason. Over the past centuries, anti-Russian propaganda has been founded on juxtaposing the West and Russia as European versus Asiatic, civilized versus barbaric, modern versus backward, liberal versus autocratic, and even good versus evil. Russia has therefore throughout history been allowed to play one of two roles -- either an apprentice of Western civilization by accepting the subordinate role as the student and political object, or a threat that must be contained or defeated. While propaganda has the positive effect of promoting unity and mobilizing resources against an adversary, it has the negative effect of creating irrational decision-making and obstructing a workable peace. Glenn Diesen is a Professor at the University of South-Eastern-Norway.