Optimization is an area in constant evolution. The search for robust optimization techniques to deal with the highly non-convex models that represent the systems related to Chemical Engineering has led to important advances in the area. The need for developing economically feasible processes which are simultaneously environmentally friendly, safe, and controllable requires for adequate optimization strategies. Moreover, finding a global optimum is still a challenge for a diversity of cases. Thus, this book presents a compilation of classic and emerging optimization techniques, focusing on their application to systems related to the Chemical Engineering. The book shows the applications of classic mathematical programming, metaheuristic optimization methods and machine learning-based strategies. The analysis of the described techniques allows the reader identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Moreover, the book will discuss the perspectives for future developments on the area.