A guide to reaching the highest summit of every country in Europe, written by authors who have climbed them all. A mixture of driving, walking and climbing routes, graded from Grade 1, an easy tourist amble, to Grade 5, serious mountaineering expeditions requiring full alpine kit, which will involve prolonged exposure to high altitude, steep terrain, narrow ridges, climbing, crevasses, and risk of avalanche and rock-fall. From 132m St Peter's Dome (Vatican City) to 4808m Mont Blanc and 5642m Mount ElbrusClear route description, with other ascent options where applicable, sketch mapping and overview informationAccommodation, access, public transport and mapsTotal ascent, time and climbing seasonTechnical grades (where relevant) and recommended equipment, plus safety adviceThe Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus, Scandinavian Mountains and Spanish Sierra NevadaBoth mainland and island high points for Denmark, Portugal and SpainMonte Rosa, Grossglockner, Mulhacén, Mount Olympus, Triglav, Galdhopiggen, Hvannadalshnukur, Dinara, Ben Nevis, Halti and Carrauntoohil