One of the earliest global Human Rights campaigns was launched to defend the rights of anarchists from state repression. Anarchist bombings in theaters and cafes in the 1890s provoked mass arrests, the passage of harsh anti-anarchist laws, and executions in France and Spain. Yet, far from a marginal phenomenon, this first international terrorist threat had profound ramifications for the broader development of human rights, as well as modern global policing, and international legislation on extradition and migration. A transnational network of journalists, lawyers, union activists, anarchists, and other dissidents related torture in the Spanish homeland to brutal suppression of colonial revolts in Cuba and the Philippines to craft a nascent human rights movement against the 'revival of the Inquisition.' Ultimately their efforts compelled the monarchy to accede in the face of unprecedented global criticism. The Anarchist Inquisition explores the groundbreaking transnational human rights