Examines key themes in Turkish Islamic theology, from nationalism to religion and from democracy to gender identity Extensively analyses numerous late-Ottoman and modern Turkish Muslim theologians, such as ?smail Hakk? ?zmirli, Bekir Topalo?lu, H seyin Atay, Hayrettin Karaman, S nmez Kutlu, Hidayet ?efkatli Tuksal, H lya Alper and Emine ? k Explores how modern Turkish theologians have grappled with issues such as nationalism and democracy; conceptions of God and humanity; the definition of religion itself and theological arguments for secularism; and theologies of human rights, gender and sexuality Based on a range of Turkish language theological sources not available in English and never before analysed in English Philip Dorroll argues that Turkish Islamic theology is in fact a distinct tradition of Islamic theological thought, shaped by the unique social conditions of the Turkish Republic. Tracking the emergence and development of this tradition over time, Dorroll examines the key