Contributing to scholarship studying Islam alongside other late antique religions, Traces of the Prophets highlights how early Muslims deployed sacred objects and spaces to inscribe and dispute Islam's continuities with, and differences from, Judaism and Christianity. The book argues that prophets' relics ritually and rhetorically shaped Muslim identities in the first centuries of Islam. Traces of the Prophets rewrites the history of holy bodies and sacred spaces in the emergence of Islam. Rather than focusing on theological controversies among early Muslims, this book is grounded in the material objects and places that Muslims touched and 'thought with' in defining Islamic practice and belief. While often marginalized in modern scholarship, sacred relics and spaces stood at the disputed boundaries of emergent Islamic identities. Objects and spaces like Abraham's footprints in Mecca and Muhammad's tomb in Medina provided sites of shared Islamic ritual, as well as tools for