"The case studies in this book reappraise key events, concepts, and individuals in late Ottoman and early Republican Turkey. Divided into four parts, the book first examines the extreme politico-religious ideology of the late Ottoman period, as well as squandered opportunities for democratic reform of the multi-ethnic empire. It then examines the continuity of these currents in Kemalist Turkey in case studies including an analysis of campaigns against Alevis in Dersim, and biographical studies of key Kemalist actors and ideologues such as Ziya Gökalp and Mahmut Bozkurt. The final part of the book explores the legacy of Turkey's violent formation vis-à-vis its relations with wartime ally Germany in the context of particularly of the Armenian genocide"--