A towering achievement from a foundational author of modern Latin American literature: through the historical figure of Paraguay's nineteenth-century 'Supreme Dictator for Life,' Jos Gaspar Rodr guez de Francia, I the Supreme brilliantly explores the relationships between language, politics, oppression, and freedom. I the Supreme imagines a dialogue between the nineteenth-century Paraguan dictator known as Dr. Francia and his secretary, Policarpo Pati o. The opening pages present a sign that they had found nailed to the wall of a cathedral, purportedly written by Dr. Francia himself and ordering the execution of all of his servants upon his death. This sign is revealed to be a forgery, which takes the leader and his secretary into a larger discussion about the nature of truth and the fallibility of the written word. Their conversation broadens into an epic journey of the mind, stretching across the colonial history of their nation, filled with surrealist imagery and labyrithian turns.