This 1999 Dictionary documents alchemical symbolism from the early centuries AD to the late-twentieth century, for use by historians of literary culture, philosophy, science and the visual arts, and readers interested in alchemy and hermeticism. Emphasising literary and intellectual references in the Western tradition written in or translated into English, the Dictionary focuses most closely on works current in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when alchemy captivated the minds of figures such as Sir Walter Raleigh and Isaac Newton. Each entry includes a definition of the symbol, giving the literal (physical) and figurative (spiritual) meanings, an example of the symbol used in alchemical writing, and a quotation from a literary source. Drawing from the holdings of the Ferguson Collection at the University of Glasgow, the Dictionary offers a representative selection of fifty visual images (graphic woodcuts, copperplate engravings, hand-painted emblems), some of which have not