"This book traces the history of botanical illustration in the premodern Mediterranean from antiquity to the early modern period. By examining Greek, Latin, and Arabic botanical inquiry in this early era, Andrew Griebeler shows how diverse and sophisticated modes of plant depiction emerged and ultimately gave rise to many practices now recognized as central to modern botanical illustration. The material is remarkable and varied, and the author draws on a vast range of manuscript material across Europe and the Mediterranean, over a long span of time. Lavishly illustrated, Botanical Icons assembles ample evidence for a dynamic and critical tradition of botanical inquiry and nature observation in the late antique and medieval Eastern Mediterranean. The author reveals how many of the critical practices characteristic of modern botanical illustrations and manuscript culture actually appear in premodern manuscripts. Consequently, he demonstrates that the distinctions between pre- and early modern botanical illustration center more on the advent of print, and the narrowing of the range of accepted forms of illustration, than on the novel invention of critical and observational practices exclusive to modernity. Griebeler's emphasis on continuity, intercultural collaboration, and the gradual transformation of Mediterranean traditions of critical botanical illustration persuasively counters previously prevalent narratives of rupture and Western European exceptionalism in the histories of art and sciences"